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FORT McMURRAY, Alberta In the giant, open-pit mines north of this sub-Arctic boomtown, oil literally is carved out of the ground. Shovels the size of buildings scoop hundreds of tons of oil-soaked dirt into Caterpillar dump trucks as big as two-story houses. The trucks move to and from the pits in a perpetual storm of dust. Everything in the Canadian oil sands “This is mining to the max Once shunned by oil companies that preferred easier-to-exploit reservoirs of liquid crude, Alberta’s o

Continue here: Canada’s oil-sands boom creates vast riches and a dirty footprint